Flying-machine



C..E. HOLT.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG-23, 191a. RENEWED m. 24. 192i.

1,370,445; Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

.0. E. HOLT.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG-23. 1918 RENEWED IAN. 24, 192l-1,370,445, Patnted Mar. 1, 1921 C. E. HOLT.

FLYING MACHINE.

ADILIC-ATIOH mu) AUG.23, 1918 RENEWED JAN. 24. 1921.

1,370,45 Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES CLARENCE ERNEST HOLT, OF ADA, OKLAHOMA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

Application filed August 23, 1918, Serial No. 251,184. Renewed January24, 1921. Serial No. 439,710.

To all whom it may con-com:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE E. Horn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Ada, in the county of Pontotoc and State of Oklahoma, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines or air craft of heavier thanair type. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a machineof the beating wing type, having combined therewith novel and efiicientmeans for imparting motion to the wings for sustentation and propellingpurposes; also means for varyingthe angles of thrust of such wings forthe purpose of increasing or diminishing the support of the machine andforthe additional purpose of maintaining the stability and correctingthe equilibrium of the craft.

With the above and other objects in view,

the. invention consists in the construction,

combination and arrangement of parts, as herein descrlbed, 1llustratedand claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an air-craft,

illustrating the engine in its applied relation thereto.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged end view of the frame or body of the machineshowing the mechanism for operating the beating wings.

' Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of the'machine.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same partly in section.-

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the body of.

of the 'The hub 3 is formed with a plurality of g'uideways 4 extendingtherethrough and slidably mounted in said'bearings are blade carryingarms 5, each adapted to engage the porary application filed Dec. 30,1918, Serial- No. 269,003 which constitutes a division of the presentapplication.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2,the shaft 1 of the air engine extendsdownwardly into the body 28 of the aircraft, where it has mountedthereon a bevel gear 29 which normally meshes with bevel gears 30 and 31on horizontal shaft sections 32 and 3.3 journaled in the frame or body28 as shown in Fig. 2.

The shaft 1 also has fast thereon another bevel gear 34, which alsomeshes with the gears 30 and 31. The gear 29 isadapted to be thrown intoand out of mesh with the gears 30 and 31 by means disclosed in myaforesaid contemporary application so that the air engine may bedisconnected from the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 2 and used for thepurpose of operating a pair of beating wings 36 extending from oppositesides of the body of the machine and connected thereto by pivots 37. Theshaft sections 32 and 33 drive, by means of bevel gears 38, a pair ofcrank shafts 39 journaled in hangers 4O projecting from'opposite sidesof the body 28 and'the crank shafts 39 areconnected to the beating wings37 by links 41. Thus oscillatory movement is imparted to the wings 36.The shaft 1 is connected by bevel gears 42 to a normally horizontalshaft 43 extending in a fore and aft direction as shown in Figs. 2 and4, said shaft having universal joints 44 therein. The front and rearportions of the shaft 43 are connected by bevel gears 45 to front andrear crank shafts 46 having cranks 47 from which rods 48 extend to arms49 projecting from front and rear oscillatory or beating wings or planes50 as shown in Fig. 1, the body or frame 28 having forwardly andrearwardly extending outriggers 51 and 52 upon which the planes or W ngs50 are pivotally mounted at 53. Thus the laterally extending wings andforwardly and rearwardly extending wings or planes are simultaneouslyand automatically oscillated for sustaining the ma-.

or rearwardly by the means illustrated in Fig. 3. Each wing or plane 36is pivotally connected at its inner end to a supporting ring or annulus5 1, (see Fig. 3), and the the propelling engine.

outrigger crank shaft 39 therefor is journaled in bearings located atdiametrically opposite points on said annulus. The annulus or supportingring 54: bears at a plurality of points against sustaining rollers 56and is supported at other points by pinions 57, which mesh with atoothed arcuate face 58 of said supporting ring. The ring 54 is held inplace'by suitable keepers or,

retaining means 59 and is actuated by a pin- 10D 60 ona transverse shaft61 extending under the body 28 and connected bybevel gears 62 and 63 toa vertical controlling shaft 64 having at the upper end thereof a handwheel 65. The wheel, 65 is located adjacent tothe operators seat 66 whomay thereby change the'angles of theoscillatory wings 36, so as topropel the machine ahead or backwardly at the desired speed. Forhovering purposes, the wings or planes 36 may be operated more slowly bythrottling Surrounding the shaft 64 is a tubular shaft 67 having a handwheel 68 at the upper end thereof and having on the lower end thereof apulley 69 from which suitable belts or connections, (not shown),extendto front and rear vertical rudders 70 and 71, (see Fig. 1). Eachvertical rudder 7 Oor 71 is mounted in a triangular shaped supportingand guiding rudders 70 and 71 to steer the machine to 7 32 abovereferred to, the gear 8 l'being shiftable into and out of engagementwith the gear 83 by means of a shifting fork or lever 85, (see Fig. 2).After the desired altitude and speed are obtained by the use of theengine 79, the latter may be disconnected from the shaft 32 and stopped,and the machine may be thereafter propelled by. the air driven enginepreviously described For large machines, groups of oscillatory wings orplanes 36 may be used as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, said planes maybe illustrated at 36 and arranged in pairs, the wings of each pair beinglocated in superposed relation to each other. A single crank shaft 39'may be used for operating the planes 36 of each group as shown in Fig.6, a rod 41 extending from each wing 36 to the crank of each crank shaft39'. To simultaneously adjust the angles or pitch of the oscillatorywings 36' where they are arranged'in groups as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,the pinions 60 which actuate the supporting wings 64e-may be connectedfor simultaneous operation by means of sprocket wheels 86 and a sprocketchain 87 as shown in F ig. 5. One or more doors 88 maybe provided topermit occupants to enter and leave the main bodyr28 of the machine, oneof such doors being shown in Fig. 5 The front andrear portions of thebody are pointed as shown at 89 to reduce head resistance when themachine is'traveling either in a forward or'backward direction, suchpointed bow and stern portions of the body being preferably closed asshown at 9,0 for observation purposes. a a 1 a V Each of" theoscillatory or beating wings is constructed as shown in Fig. 7, the sameembodying in connection with a ,marginal frame 91 a' series of shutters92 which are pivotally connected at 93 to the frame 91.- The arrangementjust-referred to is such that in the upward movement of the wing orplane, the shutters 92 open and offer little or no resistance, while inthe downward movement of the wing, said shutters 92'automatically closeand exert a downward push on the air resulting in a lifting effect onthe machine.

I claim r 1. A flying machine comprising a body having Outriggers. atits forward and rear ends, forward and rear vertically swinging wingspivotally connected to said Outriggers, upright supporting rings mountedto, revolve in the sides of the body, manual means to adjust said ringsin concert about a common center, lateral wings pivotally connected attheir inner ends to said rings, wing-actuating means carried by; thebody, driving connections between said means andthe forward and rearwings, driving connections between said means and the lateral wings,front and rear vertical rudders connected with the body, and manualmeans carried by the body to enable the operator to turn said rudders.

2. In a flying machine, the combination of a body, upright revolublerings mounted in the sides of the body, lateral wings pivotallyconnected to said rings, crank shafts, carried by said rings and havingmiter gears, connections between said crank shafts and the wings,transverse shafts occupying the center of movement of said rings andhaving miter gears intermeshed with those of the crank shafts,wing-actuating means carried by the body and connected with saidtransverse shafts, and manual means carried by the body to adjust saidrings about a common axis; said means connected with the peripheries ofthe rings.

3. In a flying machine, the combination of a body upright revolublerings mounted in the sides of the body, lateral wings pivotallyconnected to said rings, crank shafts, carried by said rings and havingmiter gears, connections between said crank shafts and the wings,transverse shafts occupying the center of movement of said rings andhaving miter gears intermeshed with those of the crank shafts,wing-actuating means carried by the body and connected with saidtransverse shafts, manual means carried by the body to adjust said ringsabout a common axis, and pivoted shutters carried by the wings andarranged to open on upward movement of the wings and to close ondownward movement thereof.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

CLARENCE ERNEST HOLT.

